Knowledgebase

This is an incomplete list of standards published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

The numbers of older IEC standards were converted in 1997 by adding 60000; for example IEC 27 became IEC 60027. IEC standards often have multiple sub-part documents; only the main title for the standard is listed here.

Spray coating Spray coating is a technology used to coat the surface of the bottle to improve the sliding and brightness properties of the treated bottles. This is a very effective method in comparison to additives inside the bottles or preforms, as it doesn’t affect the material properties. Often , additives have an impact on

This article describes a test setup in a theoretical model to measure the impact of the flushing air, and evaluating the cost of the compressed air against the cooling coefficient gain.

In blow molding the blowing pressure is extremely important. An article from the University of Aachen with a theoretical model on the importance of the pressure in function of the surface geometry.

Injection moulding (injection molding in the USA) is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting material into a mould. Injection moulding can be performed with a host of materials, including metals, (for which the process is called diecasting), glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers.

This has two main different methods, namely Single-stage and two-stage process. Single-stage process is again broken down into 3-station and 4-station machines In the two-stage injection stretch blow molding ( ISBM ) process, the plastic is first molded into a “preform” using the injection molding process. These preforms are produced with the necks of the bottles, including threads (the “finish”) on one end. These preforms are packaged, and fed later (after cooling) into a reheat stretch blow molding machine. In the ISB process, the preforms are heated (typically using infrared heaters) above their glass transition temperature, then blown using high-pressure air into bottles using metal blow molds. The preform is always stretched with a core rod as part of the process.

ISO’s main products are international standards. ISO also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical corrigenda, and guides.

Pipeline leak detection is used to determine if and in some cases where a leak has occurred in systems which contain liquids and gasses. Methods of detection include hydrostatic testing after pipeline erection and leak detection during service.